Chapter+Review+Questions

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6. c) a snowball warmed in your hand. In this case, convection does not occur, because the object (in this case, the snowball) is in your hand. What is occuring is Conduction, because the heat is transfered at direct contact between the hand and the snowball. 7. The temperature scale is Kelvin. 8. The air around us is not pure oxygen. The air we breathe is a compound between Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Argon (0.9%), Carbon Dioxide (0.03%), and other gases. 9. The layer indicated by the letters in the diagram are A = troposphere, and B = stratosphere. 10. When a substance cools and its thermal energy decreases, the atoms in the substance stop moving really fast, and get slower. 11. No. Thermal energy is the rate molecules and atoms move in a given substance. The faster the movement, the more thermal energy the object is giving off. Temperature rates this energy in Kelvin, Fahrenheit, or Celsius. 12. The atmospheric pressure decreases as you go higher because there are less atmospheres "sitting on top of you". 13. Yes. Winds always blow from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. 14. __**Low Pressure Systems :**__ in the northern hemisphere, winds around the system move counterclockwise, and in the southern hemisphere they move clockwise. Low pressure systems, additionally, often become junctures of fronts. Low pressure systems are generally formed by air becoming less dense as a result of heating. 15. In the Northern Hemisphere the deflection is to the right of the motion; in the Southern Hemisphere it is to the left. 16. The albedo of Earth's surface changes depending on the type of relief. Snow has a bigger albedo than a forest, or a grassland. 17. __Hurricanes__ and tornadoes both form in warm, damp air when wind blows into each other from opposite directions. Hurricanes develop over warm, tropical oceans, while tornadoes form over land and are more violent. A __tornado__ is a tall, funnel-shaped whirlwind of cloud up to 2,000 feet high. In the middle is an eye of descending air, surrounded by a strong upward current that sucks up or destroys everything in its path. Tornadoes can travel hundreds of miles before they die down.
 * __High Pressure Systems:__** High pressure systems occur often when there is an uneven heating of the ground, causing the hot air to rise and spread out. This rising air creates an air "void", or a low-pressure system in the area above the ground.

page 481 - 6-15
6. Paleoclimatologists use ancient ice evidence and maybe fossils to study ancient weather patterns. 7. A biogeoclimatic zone is a geographical area with a relatively uniform macroclimate, characterized by a mosaic of vegetation, soils, and animal life. 8. El Nino - the warming of water in the Pacific Ocean La Nina - the cooling of water in the Pacific Ocean 9. a) British Columbia would be really, really hot. b) British Columbia would be really, really cold. :) 10. The change in Earth`s axis of rotation will affect the angle of incidence of the Sun`s rays. 11. If all the continents were grouped in a giant landmass, the oceans would be much colder than they are right now. 12. If a large meteorite would strike the Earth, a giant cloud of ash and debris would rise and it would stop the Sun`s rays to enter the atmosphere, resulting in global cooling. 13. The shape of the Eartth`s orbit affect the climate because at one point, the axis would be tilted to the Sun, but at the exact opposite point, it would be tilted away from the Sun. That`s what is creating seasons. 15. a) Winter b) that would be A, because the Sun`s rays are not hitting the Earth at a 90 degree angle. c) B. d) B and C, because they are on the same parralel.